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I had a Classics professor in college who half-jokingly made the claim that Plato was the world's first feminist. While acknowledging that Plato obviously mostly agreed with Classical Greece's incredibly sexist views (essentially, that men are simply superior to women in every respect), she paraphrased one of his points thusly: "Many women are better at many things than many men."
In other words, we can probably agree that women, on average, have less muscular strength than men. But, there are still many women who can overpower many men. Plato's point was that this fact made it rather illogical to prevent women from participating in certain activities simply because they were women, rather than because they were individually incapable (mentally or physically) of participating in those activities.
For me, that's the essential part of feminism: rejecting the idea that people ought to be coerced into performing certain roles and prevented from performing other roles simply because of what is average for their gender. This argument is true regardless of one's feelings about the extent to which gender differences define us in general. A powerfully built woman makes a better marine than does Wayne Knight. And yet, enlisting in the US's combat forces requires you to have a pair of testicles, regardless of anything else.
There is a great deal more to feminism than that, but that is the core part of it.
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So my next question to you (and everyone else) is, what aspects of the feminist struggle -besides the one you and l point out in this thread- are still present, and could use work? Another question to the men: How do you feel this has changed mens' approach to women and the world, and in what ways, both positive and negative?
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To answer the second question first: I think men are liberated just as much by the destruction of mandated and rigid gender roles as women are, and partly because it makes it socially more acceptable for men to be attracted to (or even just have respect for) women who don't fit into the traditional norms of expected behavior.
What's left to be done really depends on where you are. I think there are a handful of metropolitan western cities that are very progressive on these issues and shelter a lot of us from the really much more traditional / reactionary values that a lot of the rest of the world continues to adhere to.
And while I think there *is* work to be done further promoting progressive ideas in the progressive places, I think the more immediate concern is the forces of reaction everywhere else in the world. I mean, the civil right to an abortion in this country is still highly contested. Frankly, I think one of the main tasks for progressives at this point in history is consolidating support for what we've already attained.
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l definitely agree with the last statement, wholeheartedly. What do you see as some of the rigid gender roles men might be happy to be freed of? Can you give a more specific example of this: "it makes it socially more acceptable for men to be attracted to (or even just have respect for) women who don't fit into the traditional norms of expected behavior."? Do you mean women who aren't, say, looking for marriage and kids from a relationship? l'm just trying to understand the statement a little better. Thanks for your input, this is turning out to be a great conversation.
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"Rigid gender roles": The main gender role that straight men are expected to fulfill is that of primary material provider for a family. I feel like feminism has provided more fulfillment for men who would rather be stay-at-home dads (or are otherwise happy to be the financial second banana).
Beyond that, even, it's made the "beard" less necessary for gay men.
As to your other point, I had Eve Sedgwick's work sort of in mind there. Her idea of "homosociality" is that a great deal of heterosexual male talk about women has more to do with men establishing relationships between themselves than it does with those men establishing relationships with women. Insofar as a man's opinion about a woman is an attempt to defend or gain social standing among other men, that opinion tends to be more informed by social norms than by individual thought.
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I dislike and resist traditional gender roles - might be because I was reared by lesbians who definitely did not fall into the roles society expected of them. I never grew up thinking girls had to become mommies or nurses or secretaries, nor did I grow up thinking boys had to become daddies or construction workers or executives.
One of the problems we've got right now is that so many men, without the rigidly defined gender roles of future generations, don't know WHO they are (Susan Faludi's "Stiffed" is a good exploration of this). Guys whose fathers expected them to follow in their footsteps are kind of flailing, not sure if it's okay to be a nurturer, artist, whatever, or if they have to be the "manly man" and "breadwinner." In that sense, we need real gender equity, not just women's liberation. Lee is right, we need to liberate males from archaic and ill-fitting societal restrictions too.
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Here's just one tiny example - I can be basically as butch as I want, and take very little heat for it. I can wear exclusively men's clothes, a toolbelt, drive a truck, spit, swear, etc. But what if a big, hairy, beefy guy like my husband wants to wear makeup and pretty clothes and paint his nails? He gets stereotyped WAY worse than I do. (He does do all the cooking and decorating, and I fix all the electronics - we kind of confuse people.)
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l'm so loving this conversation right now, many thanks to the both of you and all the other wonderfully intelligent individuals participating in it (BStrand, Kip, Cucuchi)!
Lee, l haven't heard the 'homosociality' theory before, and l have to say l'm pretty intrigued by it. l'll have to chew on that thought for a minute, because l have a feeling other concepts will spring from it. Thank you for sharing.
Geni, like you, l didn't grow up assuming certain roles must be played out by each gender. But l grew up in four or five completely different cultures with completely different norms, so maybe l realized early that while it may be "right" for one group, it clearly differed for another, and therefore, it didn't have to be so rigid for me.
l think you are SO on point about men flailing and not knowing who they are. l see it in almost every man l know to some degree or another. lt's hard because l know that it is neither my place to help them, nor do l know how to in the first place. Now that the notion of chivalry has been rejected by so many women, it is only one of many roles men were brought up with, and are now being told is unwanted and insulting. When it comes to chivalry, l personally disagree slightly, but l understand why some find it so offensive in itself.
Now the questions to the men are: What do you *want* to be? What do you feel your new role is, if any? ls there anything from the old that you still find valuable and would like to retain, and why?
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Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's seminal work was "Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire." It's a bit dated, now, in terms of gender studies, but it's an interesting read.
Anyway, what I had in mind when I mentioned that is sort of similar to what Dan Savage said in a column at some point, advising an overweight girl on her chances of finding love: he pointed out that men in their 20s are very prone to basing what they find "attractive" on what they think will make them popular with other guys. So, a guy might be attracted to chubby girls, but will prefer to date athletic status symbols. His advice was that as she got older, her chances would increase, because the pool of eligible men would be less and less prone to worrying about what others think of who they date.
Which leads to my other point: heterosexual males in their 20s are the ones who are most "lost" in terms of their identities, I think. Even when I was in my late 20s, it was sometimes astonishing to me to look back and realize how neurotic I was, four years earlier, about what I imagined people might have thought of me.
I think the lack of prescribed roles -- based on gender, class, or whatever other factor that leads to prescribed roles -- is good for humanity in general, but dramatically increases the amount of time it takes to reach "adulthood" (for lack of a better term?).
Further discussion of this might be better taken up as a separate question, since I believe it's just you, me and geni reading this at this point.
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l definitely think it increases rate of growth, but maybe that's a good thing. l'd definitely like to continue the conversation - how should l go about phrasing the next question to keep it on point? Obviously l can reference this thread, but just wondering. l don't want to be known for posting feminist threads all over the place. People will think l'm some kinda freak.
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The discussion now seems to be centered around how and to what extent feminist gains have made men feel "lost", and how women seem to have gained more freedom from mandatory gender roles than men have (i.e., Geni's point about apparel expectations). I suppose you could ask how much others notice these patterns, how much it impacts their lives, how others come to terms with the alleged adrift feelings. Something like that?
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l'll chew on it for a bit, but l think that's a good start, thank you.
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