Firstly- it's the technique over shoes- hands down, 100%. If you really research barefoot running it's entirely about how you run, not what you have on your feet. NY Times just published a really great article that has a video showing technique - check it out here: http://nyti.ms/u3BW3o
That being said- I just bought a pair of Vivobarefoot shoes and they're the best thing to ever happen to me.
I completely screwed up my knees training for my first half marathon. I was running in a pair of "fancy" running shoes and didn't know anything about running form. I was a heel striker and an over-pronator, but was told that my fancy shoes would help fix that. Nope.
December of last year, after said first half marathon and not being able to run for almost a full month afterward- I researched and started incorporating Chi Running (which incorporates much of the same form as barefoot running) into my training runs. WORLD OF DIFFERENCE. Everything that had been bothering me completely disappeared. My pace increased, my enjoyment of running increased, and every single ache and pain that I had been experiencing went away.
Three months later I ran my second, very very hilly half marathon and cut 15 minutes off my previous time. This was still while running in my fancy shoes.
I recently really screwed up my foot- still in my fancy shoes, still Chi Running. Or at least trying to. Most running shoes are made to accommodate heel striking and thus actually make it really difficult to take on any other form. While it hadn't bothered me previously- combined with training for another half and my newly changed routine of walking to and from work every day (adding three miles to my day- walking in shitty work shoes) my podiatrist told me that I apparently "overused" my foot. Not cool.
I've been in a walking boot for just short of two weeks and luckily my foot has done a lot of healing in that time. I put on my barefoot shoes last night and ran around my apartment a few times, then did a round of the exercises shown in the NY Times video. It was almost a little bit mind blowing. Heel striking actually felt like it would be impossible, and combined with the fact that I've been using the Chi Running method for 10 months- it felt so insanely good.
So, yes and no on barefoot running. No the shoes won't magically make all of your injuries go away- but yes, combined with proper and intentional form they are a really wonderful tool.